The nonradiative changeover premiums follow the system WNR = W (0) exp(-alphap), in which p is the volume of phonons matching the energy gap. The nonradiative changeover rates of Er3+ exhibit temperature dependence in line with the multiphonon rest principle. In Tm3+ the temperature dependence of nonradiative leisure premiums is https://englands123dya0.myparisblog.com/profile