In summary, the hybrid integration of photonic elements using an LN movie is a powerful approach for integrated photonics that can stay away from the etching of LN. On the other hand, irrespective of whether the LN film is effective like a major cladding or even a substrate, the transition https://lithium-niobate-crystal63849.losblogos.com/31686830/lithium-niobate-crystal-secrets